Heartburn is a common condition that affects millions of people at some point during their lives. While it may be common, determining what causes heartburn can often lead to complex and varied answers. There rarely is one grand instigator of heartburn and it often boils down to a number of contributing factors. Nevertheless, despite how common heartburn is, there are still plenty of questions unanswered about the condition. Here are some questions and answers regarding the symptoms, treatment and the causes of heartburn.

Q: What exactly is heartburn?

A: Heartburn is an acid reflux that occurs when the area of muscles that separate the esophagus from the stomach, called the lower esophageal sphincter, do not properly constrict at time, causing stomach acid to leave the stomach and move upwards into the esophagus. This in turn causes the sensation of heartburn.

Q: What are common heartburn symptoms?

A: The most commonly reported heartburn symptom is a stinging or burning sensation, often painful, in the chest, neck and throat. This is caused by the acid burning the lining of the muscles that comprise the esophagus. Other symptoms include indigestion, gas, hiccups and loss of appetite.

Q: What causes stomach acid to leave the stomach?

A: Often this is promoted by poor diet or eating habits. Eating too much food that is high in fat or foods and beverage, such as caffeine and alcohol, that relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter causes the release of stomach acid into the esophagus. Rich foods influence the amount of stomach acid produced. The heavier the food, the more stomach acid that needs to be produced in order to break it down as large amounts of fat or protein are slow to dissolve in the stomach. Eating too much food at once also causes the stomach to produce more acid in order to deal with the sudden food influx. Caffeine and alcohol cause the separation between the stomach and acid to relax or not constrict properly. This means it is easier for acid to escape.

Q: Are there other causes to heartburn beyond diet?

A: Certain lingering conditions can cause ongoing heartburn regardless of diet. The most common of these is gastroesophageal reflux disease, commonly called acid reflux disease. This is due to the stomach producing too much acid naturally, more so than the lower esophageal sphincter can properly hold back. The result is continuous heartburn on a regular basis. This can also be aggravated by diet or body position, as laying down makes it easier for stomach acid to seep out.

Q: What can be done to treat heartburn?

A: Heartburn due to diet and lifestyle can be correct with better food choices and antacids. Often eating less protein and fatty foods in exchange for whole grains, fruits and vegetables can combat reoccurring heartburn. Drinking plenty of water is also advised as it neutralizes stomach acid. Those with acid reflux disease often need to seek the services of a doctor for medication as the constant acid indigestion can wear away at the esophagus lining, causing greater amounts of pain and permanent damage to this pathway.